THE NATURE OF LUMINOUS RADIATION BASED ON THE NEW HYPOTHESIS OF PHOTON STRUCTURE

Introduction

Two big theoretical systems were founded in the beginning of the 20. century. The first one, dealing with basic substance units, is Plank's Quantum theory, and the other has been dealing with space, time, and their mutal dependence, known as Einstein's theory of relativity. Both theories are the foundations of contemporary physics, and give equations that determine the laws of radiations and light spreading with great pecision. Neither of those two big theories get into essence of luminous phenomenon, nor explain how is it possible that photon (carrier of luminous phenomenon) moves corpuscularly and in the same time possesses wave caracteristics. The general light definition has been adopted, treating light as phenomenon characterized by corpuscular-vawy dualism. The fact  that those two characteristics, if one particle is treated, exclude each other, is explained by philosophic principle of nature phenomenon unity of opposites. That is the reason why contemporary physics has abandoned creating a mechanical model for light phenomenon explanation, considering that radiation is not purely mechanical nature, so it can not be explained that way, and to get the results in accordance with experimental one.

My hypothesis refutes that atitude and offer acceptable mechanical model, by which experimental results may be obtained mathematically, usin generally acknowledged contemporary physics formulas. Some physical quantities experimentally aproved, like photon spin, the radius of forses interaction, tipicle for the world of elementary particles, and the other, may be easily calculated applayng the established model, as will be shown later.

Especially performing the Einstein's and Plank's formulas is interesting; it is getting directly from the photon energy formula, according to the new definition of it's structure and the nature of luminous radiation.

Photon structure

Complex nature of corpuscular-wavy photon movement, may not be explained by one particle movement. So, I assume that two or more particles concerned, rotating round the mutual center of attraction forces influence (analogous to gravitation center) and simultaneously moving translatory, like corpuscules in the direction of radiation spreading at the speed of light »C«.

It is obvious that such a complex movement satisfies corpuscular-wavy dualism conditions.

Calculation has shown that two particles model, of equal masses rotating round the mutual center, by the cycloid trajectory satisfies all known light radiation characteristics.

I assume that elementary particles of equal masses are in question, where photon mass »M« equals to double mass of a single particle (M=2m). The position of spin vector is vertical to the directon of light spreading. The second possibility when the spin vector is collinear with the diretion of lights spreading and performs the particles trajectory as a three-dimensional spiral which does not correspond with known characteristics of light radiation, but resembles neutrino emission.

Photon energy

The total motion energy of photon binary system is equal to the sum of kinetic energies of translatory and rotating motions.

Rotations energy of a particle, round it's own axes is negligible in relations to the firs two values, so it is not taken into consideration in any further.

Cycloid moving understands that the translatory speed » « and circumferential velocity » « are equal ( ). As the translatory speed of photon is at the same time also the speed of lihght »C«, than also  . According to the law of rotating motions the moment of rotating impulse  is a constant value and for photon it is     (it has been accustomed that the moment of photon impulse and is marked as “ ”  and is konown as “spin”). Also, for rotating moves there are the following ralations: ;  , where “w” is for angle speed, “ ” is for frequency, “p” is Ludolf’s number and “h” is Plank’s constant. When the quoted relations are applied in the equation for photon energy, we get

       or:  

This is known Einstein’s formula for energy, so also for photon energy. By further analysis of the primary equation for binary photon model energy, we conclude that:

, or: 

If in this equation we change the values the moment of impulse (spin), we get:

  or:  

This is also known Plank’s equation for energy of electro-magnetic radiation, and therefore also for photon energy.

The quoted equations demonstrate one more subordination connected exlusively to the motion of binary photon, which reads as:

This is a basic equation of my hypotesis about the nature of light which gives the opportunity of mathematical calculation of numerous known physical values, characteristic for physics of elementary particles – what will be shown later.

Performing the two basic equations of contemporary physiscs by the proposed binary model of photon and it’s complex three-dimensional motion, gives the possibility of stating the following hypotesis:

THE LIGHT IN PHYSICAL PHENOMENON CAUSED BY MOTION OF PHOTON OF BINARY STRUCTURE CONSISTING OF TWO PARTICLES OF EQUAL MASSES ROTATING ROUND THE MUTUAL CENTER OF ATTRACTION, ANALOGOUS TO THE CENTER OF GRAVITY. EXCEPT ROTATING ROUND THE MUTUAL CENTER. THE BYNARI SYSTEM DOES TRANSLATORY MOTION AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT, WHILE THE TRAJECTORY OF EACH INDIVIDUAL PARTICLE IS CYCLOID. CALCULATION OF KNOWN DIMENSIONS IN PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES BY IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EQUATION , DERIVED FROM THE HYPOTESIS ON BYNARY STRUCTURE OF PHOTON.

1. Interaction’s radius of electro-magnetic power.

According to theoretical physics, this power is transporting by photons. Using the equation rw=C and konown Einstein’s and Plank’s values for energy of elementary particles Formula, we get:

    or:   

The scientist I. V. Saveljev from Soviet Union got the same value for this radius using for calculation the Heisenberg’s relation of indefiniteness.

2. Interaction’s radius of strong nuclear power

The carriers of action of this power are mesons. Let’s take that this is pion ( - pion), having a rest mass 275 times that of the electron, that is =275 , and than changing the corresponding numeral values in the given equation for radius “r”, we get: r=1,4x meters.

  English physicist D. Wilkinson gives for the radius the value of  meters, what matches completely with calculated value.

3. Interaction’s radius of  weak nuclear power

Here the carriers of interaction are vector’s bosons, having a rest mass approximately 100 times that of the proton. Changing the corresponding numeral values, we get: r=2,1x meters. According to before mentioned author D. Wilkinson, this radius will be  meters, what also matches with calculated value.

4. The spin of photon

According to definition, the spin is momentum of impuls. As the impuls of photon is , then it follows that spin is . By introducing the above used values rw=C. and   , we get:

  This is known value of the spin of photon.

EXPLANATION OF SOME OF THE LUMINOUS RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS BY THE PHOTON BINARY HYPOTESIS

Photo effect

It is familiar that with the photo effect, the total photo energy is divided in two, according to Einstein’s formula that great phycisian has won the Nobel Prize for:

The first article of the equation presents the work needed for separating electron from the atomic nucleus, and the second is electron kinetic energy, added to it by the photon on collision.

According to the formula given by my hypothesis,

the energy division is noticeable at once, while binary photon rotation energy is spent on breaking electron connections with the atomic nucleus, and other kinetic part is directly transfered to electron kinetic energy, as it has already been presented by the Einstein’s formula.

Chemical and heating ultraviolet and infrared rays effect

From the equation for photon binary system radius,

It may be seen that, due to the high frequency of the ultraviolet rays, that radius is very small, and approaches to the size of atom. In this case, binary photon rotation energy is mainly used for separating electron from the atomic nucleus, representing chemical influence characteristic for ultraviolet radiation.

With the infrared rays, that radius is far greater than the atom dimension, so the rotation energy mainly provokes molecules vibrations, transforming to heating energy, which is a characteristic of this radiation.

The other caracteristics in connection with the dual nature of luminous radiation

All characteristics connected to the corpuscular-wavy light dualism, like: polarization, defraction, reflection and refraction of light, etc., may be achieved with the cycloid movement of binary system photon, as well.

CONCLUSION

Binary systems are frequent nature phenomenon. According to the latest astronomic research, larg number of star systems is of binary type, that is consist of two stars which circle round the mutual centre of gravity. In my opinion, systems consisting of two or more particles should be applied on other types of radiation that have corpucular-wavy nature.

Results obtained by applying the equations derived from the proposed photon model and it’s three-dimensional motion by the cycloide path, lead to the conclusion that the stated hypothesis about the nature of light radiation, for now, is the nearest to the exact answer to the question:” What is the light?”. The equation: C=wr probably represents one of basic laws in the physics of elementary particles, as are the Einstein’s and Plank’s equation for energy of electromagnetic radiation. The shown equation obviously represents the connection between the above mentioned equations, what also points out to it’s fundamental signficance.

If this my hypotesis should be experimentally proved it will be, I hope, a big step towards recognition the nature of elementary particles. If my hypotheses do not get the scientific approval, thay will be usefull as a new angle for observing the physical phenomenon in micro world, and thay might help to get the new, more accurate hypotheses. Anyway, I will be satisfied if I have contributed to make a small step towards the solution of the centuries old secret o f light.

In Belgrade, August 4^th 1998.

        Note:

      The Scientific institutions where this hypothesis was sent to: